So were going to split it up into the main topics you need to learn for gcse, namely alkanes, alkenes and and the cracking of crude oil. So lets get cracking get it with alkenes and crude oil. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. Q810 refer to the process of catalytic cracking of the long chain fractions from crude oil. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. Some can be used for bitumen used to make tar for roads, but there is more residue than we really want. Cracking of petroleum yields light oils corresponding to gasoline, middlerange oils used in diesel fuel, residual heavy oils, a solid carbonaceous product known as coke, and such gases as methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and butylene.
As part of their work on crude oil, gcse chemistry students will look at thermal cracking. Fractions with different boiling points condense at different levels of the column and can be collected. If alkanes combust in too little air, carbon monoxide may form. Gcse chemistry science revision resouces for carbon compounds covering what is crude oil. Replaces diagram on page 4 for both gcse chemistry and da chemistry 2. It is the remains of plantsanimalsfossils produced over millions of years 1 mark. Products from crude oil scool, the revision website.
Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Name a product from cracking diesel 6 name a property of a small chain hydrocarbon 4, 7 other than fuel what else can crude oil be used to make. The larger the hydrocarbon molecule the longer its carbonchain length, the higher its boiling point. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. Fractional distillation a secondary school revision resource for ocr gcse science about carbon chemistry and making crude oil useful. Two methods of cracking how to write a balanced equation for cracking what an alkene is, and how they differ. They cover formation of crude oil, hydrocarbons, alkanes, fractional distillation, alkenes and polymerisation. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons.
A it is a mixture of 1 mark different length hydrocarbons 1 mark. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds it is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science.
We can break down hydrocarbons in a process called cracking. Chemistry paper 2 organic chemistry crude oil and hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbons are broken down 1 mark to produce smaller more useful molecules 1 mark. Gcse chemistry crude oil by revise a level and gcse. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum.
Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle. Aqa gcse chemistry trilogy c11 the earths atmosphere 6 terms. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst. Year 10 and year 11 students of gcse science need to understand how this is done.
C 16 h 34 is an alkane which can be used as the starting chemical in cracking. These resources are specifically designed for senfoundation students studying gcse chemistry ocraqa. Crude oil contains a mixture of different hydrocarbon compounds that boil at different temperatures. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. Before crude oil can be used as fuel or converted into polymers, it has to be processed. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. Gcse, chemistry, crude oil, fuels, alkanes and alkenes, ethane, cracking, hydrocarbons, biodiesel. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons duration. Depending on the end product, the oils can go directly into fuel blending, or they can be routed through further cracking reactions or other. Crude oil is heated to evaporate it and turn it into a vapour, the vapour rises through the column and cools, the vapours condense when they are cool enough, and liquids are removed from the column at different heights.
Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry wjec. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation. So, we separate this complicated mixture into a simpler mixture of similar alkanes we call these simple mixtures fractions. Alkenes along with alkanes can be produced from cracking. Gcse chemistry senfoundation crude oil, alkanes, frac. Products from crude oil crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Cracking alkanes the lighter fractions for example, petrol are in large demand. Feb 08, 2020 gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. This aqa syllabus a quiz will help you revise what they involve.
Liquid paraffin a mixture of alkanes of chain length c20 and greater is vaporised and passed. Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. You need to understand certain chemical reactions used in a variety of industrial processes for gcse chemistry. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from the remains of simple marine organisms over millions of years. This is the fifth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at two methods of processing crude oil cracking and fractioning. Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. The unit then moves onto the alkenes as a different homologous series from the alkanes, together with a consideration of the cracking process. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors.
Chemistry processing crude oil aqa crude oil and other fuels is one area studied in gcse science. Short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable and make very good and useful fuels. If you appreciate the help, consider tipping me to keep me going. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Describe what crude oil is, how it is made and what it is made of.
Gcse crude oil revise processing by cracking and fracking. Cracking crude oil eduqas gcse chemistry single science. Revise what you learned in year 10 and year 11 in this exciting quiz. This section, carbon compounds covers what is crude oil. State what must be done to the crude oil before it enters the fractionating column. The whole of aqa chemistry paper 2 or c2 in only 48 minutes 91 gcse chemistry revision duration. Jono goes organic and talks about crude oil for your gcse exam.
A fraction of crude oil is a mixture of chemicals in the crude oil that have similar boiling points. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. This rises and condenses at its boiling point in the tower the top of the tower is cooler than the bottom this separates the mixture into different liquids and 1 gas. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Science and maths by primrose kitten recommended for you 48. The reactions are very exothermic give out heat energy, so alkanes in crude oil and natural gas are widely used as heating fuels. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. The source of the large hydrocarbon molecules is often the naphtha fraction or the gas oil fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil petroleum. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. This page also contains the link to the notes and video for the revision of this topic c9. Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years.
Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Cracking alkanes thermal and catalytic a brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. Fractional distillation the many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. The fractional distillation of crude oil produces alkanes. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. Liquids boil liquidgas at their boiling point and start to condense gasliquid back to liquid just below this temperature.
Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined science. Give a description of how crude oil is formed and where it is found. Learn about and revise crude oil with this bbc bitesize gcse chemistry eduqas study guide. This page contains the aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons questions and kerboodle answers for revision and understanding hydrocarbons. There are hundreds of different alkanes mixed together in crude oil. The hydrocarbons in crude oil, having varying chain length, have different boiling points and because of this. It would be timeconsuming and expensive to separate all the different alkanes into pure substances. Give an example of a method by which cracking can be carried out. It does this by evaporating the co into a vapour and pumping it into a tower. As the vapour rises up the column, the temperature falls. The very longest alkanes have the strongest intermolecular forces and so dont boil, but exit the column at. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Cracking chemistry in petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon.
The fraction produced from crude oil is heated to form a gas. Starts with recall of naming simple alkanes and then goes onto develop understanding of alkenes and how they are formed from the cracking process. Resources chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and fuels. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. Because there is a high demand for fuels and some of the products of cracking are useful as fuels. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle answers. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Explain how cracking involves the breaking down of larger, saturated. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry trilogy c9 crude oil and fuels. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking.
One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. Hydrocarbons and crude oil gcse chemistry combined. What is the formula of an alkane with eight hydrogens. The chemistry of cracking results in the formation of smaller, more useful alkanes such as petrol, and even more useful alkenes such as ethene.
Thermal decomposition splits large molecules to form smaller molecul. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. Gcse lesson on the uses of crude oil and naming alkanes. In addition to this you will need to know about functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters and how to draw their structures. Revise a level and gcse revision by seneca learning revision jun 9, 2019. Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. For this reason, we tend to break up the longer chains into lots of smaller chains. Index of oil and organic chemistry gcseigcseo level. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons we represent hydrocarbons in the following ways. The complete series covers the aqa gcse 91 chemistry 8462 and combined science trilogy 8464 specifications for chemistry.
In this episode, he will look at how crude oil forms, what its made from, and how its used. One family of hydrocarbons produced from crude oil is called the alkanes. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Home gcse study tools chemistry cracking crude oil. Cracking is the name for a thermal decomposition processes. In catalytic cracking long chain alkanes are converted into. The bad news is that organic chemistry is kind of a big topic. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking.
Leads onto a lesson on cracking and allows afl for students to be able to name alkanes by carbon number. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different. Revision for aqa chemistry gcse, including summary notes, exam questions by topic and videos for each module. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Most important useful chemicals,polymers and fuels are obtained from crude oil. Hot crude oil over 300 o c is pumped in at the bottom.
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